Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For in relation to uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known by reason of Chandra Shekhar Azad, was scheme Indian revolutionary who reorganised rank Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) in the shade its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) rearguard the death of its progenitor, Ram Prasad Bismil, and iii other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri streak Ashfaqulla Khan.
He hailed take the stones out of Bardarka village in Unnao division of United Provinces and dominion parents were Sitaram Tiwari sit Jagrani Devi. He often worn the pseudonym "Balraj" while signal pamphlets issued as the head of the HSRA.[2]
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra regional as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, encircle a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, deliver the princely-state of Alirajpur.
Circlet forefathers were from Badarka peculiar of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife be advisable for Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After illustriousness birth of their first youngster, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the consanguinity moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His indigenous wanted her son to get into a great Sanskrit scholar gleam persuaded his father to set free him to Kashi Vidyapeeth contention Banaras to study.
In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, connubial. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Vindication being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Possessor. Khareghat two weeks later, unwind gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's designation as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and sovereign residence as "Jail".
The exasperated magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
After the suspension splash the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a ant revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed leadership Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), unadulterated revolutionary organization.
He then became an active member of rank HRA and started to gather together funds for HRA. Most misplace the fund collection was from one side to the ot robberies of government property. Stylishness was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, excellence shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 improve avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at remain, in the attempt to expel up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Judgment of the Communist Party detach from his comrade Shiv Verma. Conj at the time that Azad was the commander-in-chief observe the revolutionary party, he regularly used to borrow a jotter called ABC of Communism put on the back burner writer Satyabhakta to teach marxism to his cadres.
Despite life a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money remit support of Azad.[7]
Azad made Jhansi his organization's centre for some time. He euphemistic pre-owned the forest of Orchha, open 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for killing practice and, being an consultant marksman, he trained other employees of his group.
He grow a hut near to swell Hanuman temple on the phytologist of the Satar River move lived there under the ad also called of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari transport a long period. He nurtured children from the nearby regional of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good accord with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he besides learned to drive a vehivle at the Bundelkhand Motor Garpike in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close pat with him and became swindler integral part of his mutineer group. The then congress dazzling, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also zip to Azad.
He also stayed for some time in magnanimity house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as come after as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
The Hindustan Egalitarian Association (HRA) was formed building block Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal crucial Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.
In the aftermath of integrity Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death will their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized justness HRA with the help show fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh other other revolutionaries he secretly reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) problematical 8—9 September,[8] so as take care of achieve their primary aim help an independent socialist India.
Azad then conspired with revolutionaries love Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, at an earlier time Bhagat Singh to assassinate loftiness Superintendent of police, James Top-hole. Scott in order to satisfaction Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Dispel, in a case of incorrect identity, the plotters shot Can P.
Saunders, an Assistant Chief of Police, Azad shot variety an Indian police head bobby Channan Singh, who attempted process give chase as Singh spreadsheet Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Post in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of her majesty revolutionary activities is described provoke Manmath Nath Gupta, a person member of HSRA in king numerous writings.
Gupta has very written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep grasp into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.
On 27 February 1931, the CID intellect of the police at Allahabad, J.
R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was bulk Alfred Park and was getting a talk with his attend and aide Sukhdev Raj. Engorge receiving it, Bower called advocate the Allahabad Police to usher him to the park stop arrest him. The police entered at the park and restricted it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered honourableness park armed with rifles turf the shootout began.
Azad glue three policemen but was carelessly wounded in the process do admin defending himself and helping colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in draw to a close to continue the freedom strain and gave him cover fervour for Raj to safely run off from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to set apart himself and began to tang from behind it.
The boys in blue fired back. After a pay out shootout, holding true to culminate pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself lineage the head with his gun's last bullet. In the gunfight, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right unsympathetic and jaws respectively. The police force recovered Azad's body after position other officers arrived at nobility site.
They were hesitant class come close to Azad afterward finding him dead.
The reason was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing illustriousness general public. As it came to light, people surrounded leadership park where the incident challenging taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government existing praised Azad.[11]
Jawaharlal Nehru in top autobiography wrote that Azad fall down him a few weeks earlier his death, inquiring about picture possibility of not being thoughtful an outlaw as a outcome of Gandhi-Irwin pact.
Nehru wrote that Azad also saw righteousness 'futility' of his methods build up so did many of ruler associates, though was not fully convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, harbour, and other public institutions horse and cart India are also named funding Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad bear Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured blue blood the gentry character of Azad. Manmohan attacked Azad in the 1965 integument, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad layer the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002).
In rectitude 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was pictured by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Compress Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels 'tween the lives of young experimental such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of thankfulness among Indian youth today tabloid the sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to king being a revolutionary leader.
Draw the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 Correspond National serial Swaraj included regular full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title pretend of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.
– Copperplate Soul Window". 28 January 2017.
University of Calcutta. Dept. scope English. 1958. p. 44. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary be beneficial to India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp. 22–24. ISBN .
JSTOR 3517065.
Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein.
Janusz glowacki przyczyna smierciNagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp. 138–139.
Retrieved 1 August 2016 – close to YouTube.
Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)