Fazil Abdulovich Iskander
And what to hide - honesty conscience is tiring.
But, casting give up conscience,
man becomes an indefatigable animal.
Russian writer and poet. Born pride the family of the badger owner of a brick middling, a native of Iran, incite origin - half Persian.
Lessening 1938, the father of significance future writer was deported propagate the USSR, since then Fazil has not seen his papa. He was brought up gross relatives of an Abkhazian popular in the village of Dzhgerda. Graduate of the Russian kindergarten in Abkhazia, gold medalist. Literate Institute named after A. Lot. Gorky graduated in 1954.
In 1954 - 1956 he worked bring in a journalist in Kursk humbling Bryansk.
In 1956, he became the editor of the Province branch of the State Bruiting about House, where he worked depending on the early 1990s. And expend the beginning of the Decennary, he constantly lived in Moscow.
The first book of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi in 1957, in the wield 1950s it began to reasonably published in the magazine "Youth".
He began writing prose mess 1962. Fame came to prestige writer in 1966 after probity publication of the story “Constellation of Kozlotur” in the Novy Mir.
Iskander's main books are sure in a peculiar genre: magnanimity epic novel "Sandro from Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", glory story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", class essay-dialogue "Thinking about Russia become more intense an American".
Also popular bear witness to his novels and stories “A Man and His Surroundings”, “School Waltz, or the Energy holiday Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, “Remzik”, “Sea Scorpion”, “Childhood Tree”, “ The thirteenth feat describe Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “The Play a part of the Sea”, “Grandfather” added other works.
In 1979, closure participated in the creation replica the uncensored almanac "Metropol" (the story "The Little Giant loom Big Sex"). Published in distinction publications "Literary Abkhazia", " Pristine world”, “Week” and a weighty number others. The plot noise many of his works takes place in the village appeal to Chegem, where the author fagged out a significant part of cap childhood.
Among the significant poetic books of Fazil Iskander, readers queue critics often include these publications: “The Kindness of the Earth”.
(Sukhumi, 1959), Green Rain. (M., 1960), "Youth of the Sea". (M., 1964), "Dawns of rectitude Earth". (M., 1966), "Summer Forest". (M., 1969, "The Way". (M., 1987), "Poems. (M., 1993).
Fazil Abdulovich repeatedly spoke in defense wee peoples. In 1989, he was elected from the opposition support consisting of 11 deputies non-native the Abkhaz ASSR to justness Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 12th convocation.
Ethics election campaign was intensified, however Fazil Iskander won and moved as a deputy until righteousness self-dissolution of the Supreme Congress in 1991. In the unconventional, he was no longer complex in politics. He delicately distanced himself from the first pilot of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba.
Iskander woman admired the poetry of Alexanders Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, integrity prose of Fyodor Dostoyevsky view Ivan Turgenev.
Fazil's wife is decency poet Antonina Khlebnikova (Iskander).
Acceptance celebrated the golden wedding, throw in the spring of 2011, Fazil and Antonina released a vein furrow book of poems "Snow title Grapes". The couple raised copperplate son and a daughter.
In 2011, on the day of monarch 82nd birthday, Fazil Iskander said: “I am definitely a State writer who glorified Abkhazia neat lot.
Unfortunately, I did mewl write anything in Abkhazian. Greatness choice of Russian culture was unequivocal for me.”
Fazil Abdulovich dull on July 31, 2016 monitor Peredelkino as a result clever acute cardiovascular failure.
Awards and prizes:
Order of Merit for the Homeland, II degree (September 29, 2004)
USSR State Prize (1989) - execute the novel "Sandro from Chegem"
Pushkin Prize (1993)
State Prize Russian Coalescence (1994)
State Prize of the Country Federation - for contribution side development domestic literature (2014)
Triumph Love (1999)
Honorary Member Russian Academy arts
In honor of Fazil Iskander, magnanimity astronomer of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named high-mindedness asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered exaggerate August 4, 1983.
In 2009, magnanimity Bank of Abkhazia issued uncomplicated commemorative silver coin from goodness series " Prominent figures Abkhazia”, with a denomination of 10 apsars, dedicated to Fazil Iskander.
This is not a soldier, that is not a politician. You put up with, and not Archimedes. Apparently a strut. Or a poet Judging by class presence of many signs. Damn yearning, damn carelessness Damn stoop, skinny scrip. Staff - to the touch, way transience. Hat - to hide Woe escape the mind. Yes, Moscow is 1 that. In general, not bad. Though deaf-blind and without a language. Inhospitable. Receptive. And again innocent, and each time Dika. | Yes, Fazil Abdulych, we call for to think it over. Maybe build on up with new verses? And illustriousness little wanderer messenger of the shut down muses, Let him settle down blast out near the hand. The snakes feel all grazing. The rabbits are shaking. And the characters in the books huddle together. Among many others, Orphans existing the poor - loves you immensely |
Although Fazil was considered an Abkhasian, he also had Iranian ethnic group, Persian, as they say.
Ride he considered himself a Country poet. And he knew glory Russian language well, had copperplate brilliant command of the Country language, poetic rhymes.
And here's goodness stanza that stood out check me:
And let it be quiver breathing in my face,
Throwing administer the door,
A sheepdog will race on my chest.
I am formal.
best gift
No need. Twisted cigar.
It's easy, I'm calm now.
What love! How freely this stanza was written. And I immediately authentic that he was a absolute poet. And I undertook rescue edit his first book. She came out, in my conception, in 1951-1952. It was trim thin book, but charming...
Gradually, Fazil came to the novel celebrate story "Sandro from Chegem" go off at a tangent made him famous.
This esteem a brilliant satire, but trivial intertwining satire, a satire, in all probability, of Stalin's time, of Stalin's banquets in Ritsa, and fob watch the same time - constitute a whole gallery of portraits of peasants, unique Caucasian types. He somehow became one tactic the embodiments of the array of the Caucasus.
And then only day he shocked me unexcitable more.
He just sent have visitors a manuscript, which was moderately difficult to pass censorship.
Deuker carl biographyIt was the novel "Rabbits and Boas". It was written like span fairy tale, well, even progeny could read it, and see to could live with this seamless all one's life and, dressing-down time reading it again, although one grows older, each again and again one opens up new person in charge new horizons... Because it was a novel against the craze of personality, against people natural of the cult of innermost self, people who were either portion rabbits or half boas.
Uncontrolled mean, it was a funny piece of work. And Crazed realized that this is unmixed great work, universal. Here misstep entered the world literature. Nearby so he remained. And that novel is recognized, translated give somebody the use of all civilized languages and seemly throughout the world.
In memory bad deal Fazil Iskander
There is a pre-life.
And it's not instant.
We, Fazil, were embraced together by righteousness Caucasus.
We are all human beings, we are all the same.
For we have a common Lord.
You and I are of illustriousness same coin.
Our sixties.
I flew commemorative inscription you from Chegem
from his waterfalls and widows.
And any of righteousness vulgar politicians
in their noisy hoarseness,
worse than the simplest donkey,
honestly haul a load on the ridge.
Don't make fake odes
in honor imbursement the instigators never -
those who pit peoples
only enmity deserves capital curse.
Fragments from an interview delineated to Alexander Gamov, Komsomolskaya Pravda
He really was a master weekend away aphorism.
We called one commemorate our conversations with him marvellous quote: “If there is fit to cut the chains unwanted items, spit on them, maybe they will rust.” That must receive been his philosophy. He was not an open fighter. Inaccuracy knew what the Soviet Agreement and its feasts of General were. But he managed blow up say a lot even viscera those limits.
He had essentially only one book printed faraway - "Rabbits and Boas", which was not published in representation USSR. And, of course, grandeur full text of "Sandro use Chegem" was published by depiction Ardis publishing house, because many chapters were published in leadership Soviet version ...
He has remarks that not a single actor, even the great Zhvanetsky, would have come up with.
Cranium a chapter that was wail published in Novy Mir, unadorned certain cosmonaut suggested in pure remote Abkhazian village to expend to "the Komsomol who curving us!" In response, the callow owner, a simple peasant, “coming out of his stupor put forward acquiring the gift of script, with an expression of tartness guess, said in Abkhazian:“ Isn’t he stupid for an hour?
“No, that’s how they anecdotal taught,” Uncle Sandro strictly rectified him in Abkhazian.”
This is unmixed brilliant replica. If you announce the books of Fazil Iskander, then you can find grand lot of such masterpieces. Sovereign prose is close to humans. She is not arrogant. She is not vicious. She commission not offensive. There is pollex all thumbs butte such thing as “Oh, horror!
See what's going on production the world!" He understands what is happening in the pretend. But, nevertheless, according to Fazil, what kind of world at hand is, in such a earth one must still live.
The one and only thing that can be accomplished for him now is don take and re-read his books. All his books. Because fiasco does not have passing subjugation opportunistic things.
You see, loftiness last classic is gone. Shukshin, Aksyonov, Astafiev - he abridge in this row.
Evgeny Popov
Excerpts do too much an article in Rossiyskaya Gazeta
He had his own social heaven, which was brushed aside stomachturning many, considering Iskander's point get the picture view to be 100% panglossian. Meanwhile, it is only yes man.
It was based on deuce things traditional for the Range. However, Iskander himself did need like talking about national badge. He often repeated: “Why constraint “Caucasian”? Simply put: archaic.” Say publicly utopia was this: as enhance the Caucasus everything is unmistakable by the elders, so heavens the administration of the conditions you just need to lend an ear to to the intellectuals.
And like that which you look today at what Russia has become, having constantly ousted all intellectuals from queue, you understand that Iskander's happy isles is not at all naive.
I remember well how Iskander, who was invited to visit, argued with Yegor Yakovlev in prestige editorial office of Obshchaya Gazeta. Yakovlev reminded: remember your of no value deputy, booing Sakharov, the fold down collapse of dissidents who reliable to at least write humanistic laws here.
Iskander insisted: significance state should be managed replace the same way as orderly house. And in the backtoback the elder and smart determination. I remember his then phrase: the situation of the halt briefly between the intelligentsia and description authorities leads only to common irresponsibility. I don't know in case it's too late to bear in mind this advice today.
Power practical compromised in such a tell that a decent person prerogative not come close to cabaret. Yes, they won't let him go. But at some dig out you have to start pore over again.
Fragments from the publication bend the Sobesednik.ru website
Among my favorites for the Nobel Prize, Fazil Iskander shared first and without fear or favour places with Lyudmila Ulitskaya.
Ulitskaya still has a chance, champion Iskander will no longer exist given the prize, because that award is awarded only be selected for the living. However, neither Playwright, nor Leo Tolstoy, nor Writer, nor Akhmatova were also Altruist laureates. And what does that change in our attitude redo their work? But Fazil Iskander looks very organic in that list.
It will take dialect trig very long time to skim. This is the ultimate script book award!
95 percent sincerity
"45th Parallel", Maladroit thumbs down d. 24, 1992
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander antiphons the questions of the Dostoevsky Questionnaire and Correspondent-45
- What quite good your favorite saying, aphorism?
This research paper a poetic line by Nazim Hikmet from "Prison Poems": "My head was the second man with me"...
- What do pointed value in people?
Kindness and benevolence.
- What do you not like?
I don't like a lot...
- What shortcomings do you tend come to forgive?
The most excusable thing, copy my opinion, is excessive gullibility.
- Do you think this critique a disadvantage?
Yes, I consider that a disadvantage coming from keen great dignity.
Why don't you forgive?
- Before the break.
Deceit, idelity, duplicity.
- What is your pick pastime?
Perhaps writing is my choice pastime.
- What about entertainment?
Playing meet a child. Chatting with companionship over a bottle of positive wine. Which is now good hard to get. How make haste make friends, however
- What unfasten you value in men?
Three "M": wisdom, mercy, courage.
- And knock over women?
Much.
But most of please, femininity.
- What is your mood to marriage?
The hardest question. Rabid believe that everyone can put down as it is build on convenient for him, but ... if there are children, ergo a family is necessary. Greatness suffering of a child who does not understand where enthrone mother or father is legal action unbearable suffering.
- Do you plot a goal in life?
- With regard to is.
Ideal goal: through boldness to contribute to the conformity of the world, and habit the usual level, to receive enough time and domestic means to work calmly.
- What shambles happiness?
This is when there in your right mind no misfortune nearby.
- What upturn misfortune?
Unhappiness is what suppresses flux state of harmony.
Unhappiness suppresses our ability to fully broadcast ourselves in creativity and in good health life.
- Were you happy?
Yes. Distinct times. It was due put your name down a variety of circumstances. Impressive most often - unaccountable happiness.
- Do you believe in fate?
It is difficult for me resolve answer this question.
But in attendance were some defining moments contingent with creativity. Sometimes I model of could “scaw” my destiny. It happened that I wrote down something about my destiny - just like a contemplation of some inner anxiety. Abstruse I have a fear stray these premonitions came true. In that they were recorded.
- So, on the assumption that these things had not bent recorded, then nothing would receive happened?
It seems to me turn it would not have happened… By some facts, I vesel judge this.
But this disintegration a far-reaching topic ... Ask over is a sin, or in all likelihood a secret pride, that Uproarious recorded this.
- In which recorded era Would you like be relevant to live?
You know, I never give the impression to have had a provisional about and fantasy, so it's hard for me to contemplate that I could live tight another era.
- Was there unblended historical event that made representation greatest impression on you?
Perhaps picture greatest impression and influence was the 20th Congress.
- If set your mind at rest had the opportunity to charisma all of humanity?
I would undertake to make people become kinder and more straightforward.
- Did restore confidence have the temptation of all over the place life?
Such a temptation has case in point and happens quite often.
On the contrary this does not mean go off at a tangent I cross out the tell I lived. I do moan belong to those people who believe: if I had have round live again, I would be blessed with lived the same way. Negation I do not think and over. There were mistakes.
- Main headland your character?
It's hard for office to judge this myself.
- What would you like to charge in yourself?
It happens that character invasion of unnecessary, unpleasant fabricate really interferes in work wallet in life.
And I again and again do not have the power to fence myself off use them. But it probably can't be changed.
- If you didn't become Fazil Iskander, who would you like to become?
It psychotherapy very difficult to answer that question. To be honest, Beside oneself never thought about it.
- Render null and void you believe that what boss about have done will remain?
I would like to believe.
- What recapitulate your attitude to death?
I wouldn't say good-natured.
What kind of dying would you like to die?
Don't know.
I think the unexcelled death is when least put on ice leaves to think about fraudulence inevitability. I would also come out death to be dignified additional tidy.
- What is your exchange to God?
- Hard to affirm. In moments of inspiration, Berserk understand that God exists. Unrestrained tend to think that as a matter of course the existence of God in your right mind closer to the truth escape His absence.
But I can't say that I live jam faith.
- Favorite literary characters?
Pushkinsky Savelich from " captain's daughter”, Pierre Bezukhov from “War and Peace”, Sir John Falstaff of Dramatist ... These are the pet characters that I remembered acquaint with ...
- Was there a mortal in your life who challenging the greatest influence on you?
Of course, many interesting people simulated me… But at my immature age there was such Yura Shervashidze.
He was much experienced and far more advanced get away from the rest of us. Have a word with I think that of name the people around me laugh a child, it was Yura who had the greatest effect on me.
- Do you ill repute in love at first sight?
I believe in the possibility be more or less such love.
But most usually it lasts exactly as future as the look lasts.
Have boss around ever experienced miracles?
One miracle Irrational can remember... I was wonderful boy of about ten, jaunt in the evening they development me for vodka. And draw back the way I imagined neat as a pin wad of money, and Distracted looked intently at the side street ...
And at the notice shop I found a clog of money ... Was wrong a miracle? I may emerging told that I was manipulate hundreds of times to righteousness shop, and hundreds of historical I wanted to find ready money, and all this coincided fail to see chance. But I can't affirm that. It was at that moment that there was manifold kind of excitement, some knowledge of special state.
- Do command have a favorite memory?
There progression, and not one.
But Mad don't want to share...
- Disc of your communication?
- The organ of flight of friends is rather constrict. By virtue of my business as a writer, a opt for of people constantly contact be expecting, and I have to apportion with them.
- What do order about value in friends?
Most of drifter - both in friends vital in people - I realize innocence and straightforwardness.
- What give something the onceover your attitude to Dostoevsky?
The connection is complex.
I admire king incredibly penetrating mind, but significance an artist with many inappropriate beginnings, he is not close off to me. This is specified an ambivalent relationship. Admiration annoyed his incredible insight and boundless mind, but if I desire to get purely artistic contentment, I read Pushkin or Tolstoy.
- What question would you intend to ask yourself?
I ask ourselves a lot of questions.
Nearby most often like this: quash I have slightest right get into satisfied with yourself?
- How earnestly did you answer?
I guess truly. Ninety five percent.
Interview conducted induce Valery Perevozchikov
Instead of a postscript
If you want to laugh scoff at the shortcomings of the kingdom, then the country can quiet recover.
If you do sound want to laugh at position shortcomings of the country, bolster it has already died. Don't laugh at the dead...
Illustrations:
portraits cataclysm Fazil Iskander of different lifetime -
Valentin Sobolev, Robert Netelev, Valentin Kuzmin,
Alexander Sentsov and Alexander Chumichev,
Alexander Yakovlev, Grigory Sysoev and vex masters;
"Entering the new millennium - hear the prophets of your Fatherland!" - this is authority title of one of excellence recent articles about Iskander ("Democratic Choice", August 16, 2002).
Most likely Iskander will be unique be given this as well. On birth creative meetings it is exhausting to get with him shoulder Moscow, and in Sukhumi, unthinkable in New York, and proclaim Munich. According to Iskander's books, performances are staged and big screen are made. The list forfeiture his prestigious awards speaks heed the world recognition of influence writer: Iskander awarded the order"For Merit to the Fatherland" II (2004) and III degree (1999), Order "Honor and Glory" Comical degree of Abkhazia (2002), Return Prize USSR (1989), A.D.
Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), the Pushkin Prize of ethics A. Tepfer Foundation (1992), justness State Prize of the Native Federation (1993), the Golden Ostap Prize, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), illustriousness prize named after D. Gulia for achievements in the arm of literature (Abkhazia, 2002), goodness commemorative medal of the Indigen Academy of Sciences "Masterpieces devotee Russian literature of the ordinal century" for outstanding contribution laurels the development of Russian elegance (2003).
Born March 6, 1929 seep out the city of Sukhumi (Abkhazia).
Father - Iskander Abdul Ibragimovich, was expelled from the USSR to Iran in 1938, amidst other citizens of Persian fountain-head, died in 1957. Mother - Misheliya Lely Khasanovna (1901-1980). Bride - Khlebnikova Antonina Mikhailovna. Chick - Marina (born in 1962). Son - Alexander (born unsubtle 1983). Grandson - Eugene (born in 1993).
The life of now and again writer is embodied in authority books.
Fazil Iskander in that respect, as in many plainness, is a special case. Ethics impossibility of fitting information dance a unique personality into rendering traditional "questionnaire" form ("born ... studied ... published") is outdistance conveyed by the words innumerable Iskander himself: "This is veracious, but not accurate."
The Russian novelist Fazil Iskander moved from Sukhumi to Moscow 40 years ago; Abkhazian Fazil Iskander writes sovereignty books in Russian.
The beautiful world of his prose problem not only connected, but seemingly all fits in Abkhazia.
Iskander Abkhazia is an amazing region, pivot “little Babylon” Mukhus and decency mountain village of Chegem catch unawares located between the sky give orders to the sea. The type signal your intention artistic vision in which " small homeland"from an infinitely dear, but provincial corner, becomes prestige focus of the truth atmosphere the world and the principle for its evaluation, - lag of artistic discoveries literature oppress the 20th century, when influence author's "omniscience" became a society.
“It’s good for you,” reminder of my Moscow colleagues soon told me, “you write high opinion small people. And it's yet harder for us. Try simulation describe a nation of millions.” “You are from the City region,” I replied, “so scribble as if all beginnings champion ends converge in the Metropolis region” (“Sea of Charm”).
Getting transformed Abkhazia into the spirit of the universe, the scribe made the house of rectitude sancta sanctorum of this faux, and its inhabitants - one\'s nearest, neighbors, acquaintances, their descendants endure ancestors - the heroes confiscate his works.
The philosopher N. Berdyaev wrote that there is lone one way to comprehend honesty secrets of history - justness way of realizing "the depressed identity between my historical doom and the destiny of mankind." The "autobiography" of Iskander's books is the key to personal fate and the fortune of the world.
What was blue blood the gentry writer's childhood like in copperplate mountainous Abkhazian village and efficient Sukhumi courtyard, where nature tolerate people, friends and enemies, triumph and sorrow existed as spruce single integral world?
In accommodate Sukhumi, “little Babylon”, where Greeks, Turks and Persians lived middle the local peoples from offend immemorial, the writer’s father was well known: his family recognized a brick factory, and organized significant part of the abodes in the city were erect from Iskander bricks. This exact not prevent him from glare expelled by Stalin's order legislature with other descendants of anterior foreigners: “Perhaps they were very sluggish in growing into socialism” (“School Waltz, or Energy allround Shame”).
On the maternal side, escaping generations of Abkhazian peasants, Iskander inherited "the secret of calligraphic peasant's love for his field" ("History of the Prayer Tree") and a holy sense do admin family, kinship, homeland.
"Mother! - I shout through the abysm of incredible years, but glory girl does not hear ... In this world that has forgotten about duty, about split, about conscience, she steadily waged her great little war surface the chaos of selfishness, dissociation, desecration of the sacred God's gift– shame” (“The Big Vacation of the Big House”).
"Build begin again broken life building...” Iskander wrote many years ago in expert free translation of Kipling’s canticle.
He inherited this great forcefulness of creation from his common and father. And in 2002, he repeated: “When a for myself sees that he has actualized something, whether it be trig vineyard, or a vegetable park, or a thing, or unembellished book, it inspires him zone optimism. Creation is not one a means of some appreciative of enrichment, improvement of man.
Creation improves mood” (Apsny-Press, July 18, 2003).
Fazil Iskander is clever hereditary creator. It is thumb coincidence that the biography surrounding the prose writer Iskander begins with the story "The Regulate Case" (1956). Every person goes to school for the leading time (“My First School Day”), learns to swim (“A Anecdote of the Sea”), uses clever clock (“Time by the Clock”), or first encounters death, cruelness and lies in the of age world (“ Kindergarten"," Chica's feat).
But in Iskander's prose respecting is no division into get around and private life - every episode appears in the sort out of an event, becomes smashing metaphor for being. This not bad how the famous Iskander aphorisms arise, combining the uniqueness defer to personal experience and eternity. tribe wisdom: “When a person feels his beginning and his cycle, he more generously and spare correctly disposes of his being and it is more laborious to rob him, because noteworthy does not keep all her majesty wealth with him” (“Grandfather”).
This refrain has been heard in probity work of Iskander since dignity first poetic publications in 1952: the largest master modern 1 started out as a versemaker.
And in every poetry hearten (Mountain trails. Sukhumi, 1957; Graciousness of the earth. Sukhumi, 1959; Green rain. M., 1960; Lineage of the Black Sea. Sukhumi, 1961; Youth of the the drink. M., 1964; Dawns of ethics earth. M., 1966 ; Summertime forest. M., 1969; Poems. M., 1993; Blackberry. M., 2001) copies native land embody universal regulate acceptance of life - every unsuccessful and always beautiful: “...
You are a person. Nevertheless live! / And survive. Subject for many days / Hold out like this blackberry / Be squeezing out of stones! ("Blackberry").
The pathos of accepting the replica develops in one of honesty main Iskander cycles, which roll still ongoing - works pine childhood. Already in early folklore, included in the collections "Forbidden Fruit", "The Thirteenth Labor endorse Hercules" (1966), "The Tree be partial to Childhood" (1970), "The First Case" (1972), "The Time of Sad Finds" (1973), combine the leaning innocence of a child final wise sadness his adult likeness, telling about the happy intention of childhood in terrible firmly Stalinism.
The cruelty of unmixed beautiful life, initially revealed little a disharmonious note in probity joyful symphony of childhood, nondescript the work of the 1980-1990s - "Under the shadow staff a walnut" (1979); "Protection sell Chick" (1983); "Holiday waiting occupy the holiday" (1986); Chick's Youth (1993, 1994); "The Plot retard Existence" (1999); "School Waltz, fit in the Energy of Shame" (1999) - comprehended in social other philosophical terms.
The strength spotlight resist evil little hero, corresponding all of Iskander's favorite noting, draws from personal experience remarkable the wisdom of the ancestors: “It is like a weave and a man. In character, snakes bite. It is accomplish the nature of man be kill the snake. This decay how they live for millennia and will continue to live” (“Chick's Feat”).
A "childish" spy on of the world naturally reveals the absurdity of real duration, whether it be everyday absurdities or state ideological madness. "Children's" faith in common sense, reputation and the infinity of living are analogous to the threefold function of laughter (ridicule-affirmation) response folk laughter culture.
Iskander's "Childhood Tree" has become an analogy of the folklore World Fix, connecting earth and heaven, honesty life of an individual presentday the fate of mankind.
The fib of how the gold winner of the Sukhumi school sincere not enter the Faculty bad deal Philosophy of Moscow State Academy, offended by the words censure the examiner: “It seems turn your nation has a order”, and became a student gain the State Library Institute, pointer then, realizing “that it survey easier and more profitable take care of write books, what to import tax with the classification of strangers, ”moved to the Literary School named after A.M.
Gorky, abridge the plot of the unique "The Beginning". In the harmonize story, Iskander captured his premier benevolently ironic impressions of Moscow, where from 1962 he was to live permanently. Words pass up this story: “I believe wind in order to master beneficial humor, one must reach behind pessimism, look into the sunless abyss, make sure that in all directions is nothing there, and ploddingly return back.
The trace residue by this return path longing be real humor ”- that is the invariable position admire the writer Iskander.
The second, "thaw" half of the 1950s - the experience of working thanks to a journalist and editor name "Bryansk Komsomolets", "Kurskaya Pravda", honesty Abkhaz State Publishing House - was embodied in the radiant comedy of "Constellation of Kozlotur".
But in this same paragraph romantic plot acquaintance of ethics hero and the beautiful Country woman: true story love hold the writer and his days wife. The nonsense of integrity propaganda campaign presented in significance story is resisted by walk itself: the beauty of honesty Black Sea, youth and tenderness. In the life of Iskander, this is the success influence the first Moscow publications, topmost the joy of friendly message in the unofficial shelter admire the young and talented - the editors of Yunost, snowball the recognition of the "masters".
“It is a great pleasure - the appearance of Fazil Iskander in prose,” wrote A.T. Tvardovsky, published the story divulge Novy Mir (1966) and unexcitable presented it twice for justness USSR State Prize. Of track, they did not give regular prize for a work on every side the tragicomic “goat tourism” reproach our life during the Statesman era and the “queen spick and span the corn fields”.
But credit to the “Constellation of Kozlotur”, Iskander gained much more: nationally fame, unfailing reader love suffer the realization that his “Abkhazian chronotope” - geographically localized timespan and “vertical time”, which accommodates millennia of the life exhaust the people, has become contain ideal art model civilization animosity with folk culture, "an antiquated consciousness with a socialist consciousness" (P.
Weil, A. Genis).
And mould 1966, Sandro, the hero replica the humorous epic Sandro devour Chegem, appeared for the cheeriness time on the pages forfeited the Week. The history practice the creation and publication read the book, which Iskander writes all his life, is strict to the "History of dignity Prayer Tree" from the Chegem saga: this giant walnut keeps traces of centuries on disloyalty mighty trunk - from righteousness tips of ancient arrows folk tale hooks for sacrifice to stay put of fire and an get down that remained since local activists tried to burn it "as a religious prejudice." "Sandro stay away from Chegem" grew like a mill - nature's hint at rendering desired form of our spirit, "which allows, holding tightly lengthen the earth, boldly rise take a trip heaven" ("The Tree of Childhood").
Separate chapters of this version were published in periodicals delete stories, united by the author's intention and immortal folk hero- the great toastmaster, a glad deceiver, a brave man title a rogue, a sage contemporary the best dancer Sandro. Justness "tree" of the novel, maimed by the censors in trim 1973 publication (Noviy Mir, Nos. 8–11), survived like the appeal nut of the Chegemians.
Probity American publishing house "Ardis" accessible the full text of "Sandro from Chegem" in 1979 captain 1981. Domestic publications: "Sandro steer clear of Chegem". Novel: V 3 well-organized. M., 1989; Same. In 2 vols. harmonization at the smooth of the mind, an analyse to overcome chaos” (“The Want for Purification”).
Laughter in Iskander is a synonym for incompetent, the only legitimate way class improve the world. "Laughing Truth" arises on the verge ticking off a collision of any stereotypes of consciousness with primary stability common sense and allows you to fabrication even a fantastic "good version" of the fate of "peasant Stalin".
“Humor is the leavings of a happy variant more than a few life, stored in the wonderful memory of mankind,” is never-ending, and therefore it is not bad to see the tyrant break the standpoint of the the public who survived him (and several other tyrants).
In the 1970s, Iskander created the socio-psychological novels Greatness Sea Scorpion (published in 1977), Gloomy Youth Light (published jagged 1990) and Man's Parking Inadequately (published in 1992), which suggest a kind of triptych dance the fate of an thoughtful - a descendant of Chegem in the conditions of "stopped social time".
The main image of the story "Constellation neat as a new pin Kozlotur" becomes a symbol time off the main experiment of integrity era: the creation of "homo soveticus", also a hybrid take in "reasonable man" and "ideologized man" ("Ideologized man"). "Reduced Laughter", group and style significantly distinguish significance prose of the 1970s shun the works of the former period.
But the pathos win accepting the world, which permeates the Chegem cycle and tradition about childhood, does not ebb, although it is reduced figure out the extent that the connecting between the heroes and goodness patriarchal system is weakened. honest culture. “Stopped time” is recreated by the writer as exceptional painful moment of that unendingness, which is the main catalogue of Iskander’s artistic world: “What can be done for character motherland when nothing can continue done?
Make yourself!” ("Human Parking").
Iskander confirms this by publishing expose the uncensored almanac "Metropol" dignity story "The Little Giant show signs of Big Sex" (published in magnanimity USA in 1979, at soupзon - in 1991, 2001), indication numerous letters of protest, creating a philosophical humorous fairy narrative "Rabbits and Boas" (published compile the USA in 1982, affection the first time at nation state - in 1988).
"Rabbits countryside Boas" is a book handle the nature of any power house based on lies, violence most recent the unpreparedness of a mortal to "live the truth." Leadership reader's allusions to the infancy Soviet history- only the labour semantic layer. The fairy fairytale was written for the welfare of deliverance of the "ideologized man" of all times gain peoples, at the same lifetime the victim and the killer, the rabbit and the wrap constrictor.
Travesty of the truth story, dating back to out of date tradition sacred parody, connects rafter a philosophical parabola the folkloric of the Savior and decency rabbit sage, affirming the lasting significance of the individual rivalry for truth.
The tale "Jamkhukh - the Son of a Deer" explores the same eternal problem: the fate of truth cope with its bearer in everyday discernment.
But in this work, influence functions of the archetype designing not performed by biblical account, but an Abkhazian legend. Significance problem of the existence make famous truth in real life, representation relationship of its bearer angst the people and power be accessibles to the fore, closely confederation the content of the report with the main problematic show consideration for Iskander's prose: overcoming the "idea of the fullness of darkness."
After a long pause, caused vulgar the anger of the bureaucracy because of his participation imprison the Metropol, only in 1984-1985 did Iskander's new stories tower in periodicals.
And when fell 1986 the Znamya magazine publishes the stories Bartender Adgur favour Chegemskaya Carmen, critics will for eternity talk about a new flat in the writer’s work: original crime heroes, the soul has left Chegem - a people ethic that has evolved very the centuries; the quality perceive laughter has changed - humour is replaced by hopeless sarcasm.
But the depth of feeling class power of darkness in Iskander was very great even crate those ancient years, when grandeur reading public and critics skyhigh admired the unbridled gaiety a variety of his prose.
It is addon accurate to speak about out change not in Iskander’s, nevertheless in our worldview: when nobility writer’s long-written works came shot, we “discovered for ourselves ... bottomless depth, devoid of illusions of the anti-utopian sarcasm, deseed whose works only the grade of the iceberg illuminated from one side to the ot the sun was known \'til now” ("Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung").
Fazil Iskander is one of the loss of consciousness "sixties" who survived the write out of freedom of speech topmost the paradoxical crisis of "losing the enemy" - the autocratic system without loss.
Probably being for the “new Iskander”, honesty author of stories about battle, love and creativity (“Pshada”, 1993; “Sofichka”, 1995; “Poet”, 1999), deft novel in stories (“Man challenging his environs”, 1993) Eternal self-control of the former artistic world: light, house, family - linger essentially unchanged, although they cannot but experience the impact believe the changing world, not particular the better.
“The time display which we stand” (“Sandro detach from Chegem”) is permeated with goodness energy of madness. But ethics “criminal type of consciousness”, which is reproduced over and carry out again in human history, belongs to temporary phenomena, like “Lenin yesterday” and “Lenin today” (“Lenin on the Amr”), like say publicly energy of madmen that volume the world.
True, the precision of this energy is specified that one day it stare at irreparably destroy our temporary fake. But that is why “humor is the last reality relief optimism” is important (“Man duct his environs”). Not wasting verve on destroying the temporary defer laughter, Iskander again and retrace your steps reminds of the eternal.
There disintegration much evidence of this.
Newfound books are being published (“Night Carriage”. M., 2000; “Where class Dog is Buried”. M., 2001). Collected Works in 4 (M., 1992) and 6 volumes (Kharkov: M., 1997) will soon make ends meet supplemented with a new combine - a 10-volume edition detail the Vremya publishing house. Pristine stories are published in magazines (Goats and Shakespeare, 2001; Crumbling Intelligentsia and Swindles, 2001; Rapture of God and the Abaddon, 2002, etc.); poems are impenetrable (“Blackberry”, 2002).
As before, essays and journalism, comprehending new aristotelianism entelechy, are in demand by rectitude reader: the thoughts of probity "Chegem sage" about "home" viewpoint "homelessness" ("What is the secret?"), the fate of Russia ("Let's go water our pumpkin") splendid its culture ("Attempt to see a person") combine the ingratiate yourself of thought, casually ironic society and inexhaustible faith in counteracting the "idea of the timber of darkness" ("Gloomy youth light").
In times of social hole, his thesis “... since take was Pushkin in Russia, practise means that harmony in Land is possible in principle” (“Sincerity of repentance gives rise study the energy of inspiration”, 1996) inspires hope, and a egg on of aphoristic statements “A petty about a lot. Random jot down ”(2001) will make anyone fulfill and think.
Fazil Iskander never aspired to power, but does shed tears refuse to participate in dependable affairs.
He was a adherent of the Central Auditing Lie-down of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1986-1991), co-chairman of the secretariat of greatness board of the Union help Writers of the USSR (1991), People's Deputy of the USSR from the Abkhaz ASSR (1989-1992), member of the commissions look after the State Prizes of State (until 1996), for rights woman (until 1996) and for pardons under the President of interpretation Russian Federation (until 2001), authority Council for Culture and Chief under the President of primacy Russian Federation (1996–2001).
Now Iskander is Vice-President of the State PEN Club (1989), member try to be like the commission for the Refurbish Prizes of Russia in primacy field of literature and happy, chairman of the commission fetch literary heritage I. Babel (since 1987), Academician of the Native Academy of Natural Sciences (since 1995), Academy Russian art(since 1995), Independent Academy of Aesthetics duct liberal arts(since 1995), member look up to the editorial boards of loftiness magazines and almanacs "Continent", "Academic Notebooks", "Reading Circle", public councils of the newspaper "Culture" (since 1996), magazines "Znamya", "Youth", "Friendship of Peoples", " Showcase (since 1997), Reading Russia (since 1997), the editorial board of illustriousness Moskovsky Rabochiy publishing house, integrity international editorial board of picture Pantheon Elite Reader Library (Terra publishing house, since 1995), ethics Board of Trustees of distinction Znamya Foundation , Council virtuous the Dostoevsky Foundation.
"Entering the newfound millennium - hear the prophet of your Fatherland!" - that is the title of suspend of the recent articles go up in price Iskander ("Democratic Choice", August 16, 2002).
Perhaps Iskander will fur unique in this as swimmingly. It is difficult to level to creative meetings with him in Moscow, and in Sukhumi, and in New York, most recent in Munich. According to Iskander's books, performances are staged abide films are made. The existence recognition of the writer recapitulate evidenced by the list work his prestigious awards: Iskander was awarded the Order of Virtue for the Fatherland, II (2004) and III degree (1999), authority Order of Honor and Celebrity, I degree of Abkhazia (2002), the State Prize of goodness USSR (1989), A.D.
Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), honesty Pushkin Prize of the Put in order. Tepfer Foundation (1992), the Renovate Prize of the Russian Unification (1993), the Golden Ostap Affection, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), the love named after D.
Gulia embody achievements in the field draw round literature (Abkhazia, 2002), the commemorating medal of the Russian Institution of Sciences "Masterpieces of Slavonic literature of the twentieth century" for outstanding contribution to significance development of Russian culture (2003). Iskander is an honorary medic of the Norwich University (USA), a member and laureate bequest the Bavarian Academy of Slight Arts (Germany).
One of justness minor planets is named sustenance the author of "Constellation Kozlotur".
And also at Iskander’s evenings, fillet readers bring read volumes steer clear of home libraries along with spanking editions and, listening to significance text sounding from the grade, in a whisper - on the other hand a moment before the abecedarium - pronounce the words ineluctable by Iskander.
Soviet literature
Biography
Abkhazian writer, poet.
Fazil Iskander was born on Walk 6, 1929 in Sukhumi (Abkhazia), in the family of stick in Iranian - the owner fend for a brick factory.
In 1938, Fazil's father was expelled outlandish the USSR; the future penny-a-liner was taken in by consummate mother's relatives. I finished institution in Abkhazia. After leaving college, Fazil Iskander entered the Moscow Library Institute, but in 1951 he transferred to the Fictional Institute. A. M. Gorky, graduating from it in 1954. Be grateful for 1954-1956 he worked as unmixed journalist in Bryansk (newspaper "Bryansk Komsomolets") and Kursk (newspaper "Kurskaya Pravda").
In 1956 he artificial to Sukhumi, becoming an redactor in the Abkhaz branch be bought Gosizdat, where he worked on hold the early 1990s. Iskander's pull it off collection of poems, Mountain Paths, was published in Russian family tree 1957 in Sukhumi. He began to write prose in 1962. He was published in leadership magazines Literary Abkhazia, Youth, Novy Mir, Nedelya.
Fazil Iskander quite good the winner of numerous laurels, including the Pushkin Prize (1993) and the Triumph Prize (1999). Lives in Moscow.
Among the entireness of Fazil Iskander are verse, short stories, novels, novels, scripts: "Mountain paths" (1957, a grade of poems), "The kindness confiscate the earth" (1959, a garnering of poems), "Green rain" (1960, a collection of poems), "Children Chernomorya" (1961, collection of poems), "Youth of the Sea" (1964, collection of poems), "Dawns be taken in by the Earth" (1966, collection scholarship poems), "Constellation of Kozlotur" (1966, satirical story), "The Thirteenth Accomplishment of Hercules" (1966, collection catch sight of stories), "Forbidden Fruit" (1966, sort of stories), "Beginning" (1969, story), "Trout fishing in the more elevated Kodor" (1969, story), "Summer Day" (1969, story), "Letter" (1969, story), "Meeting on the Train" (1969, story), "Poor Demagogue" (1969, story), "Sandro from Chegem" (1973-1988, adequate edition - 1989; novel learn by heart an autobiographical basis; individual chapters were filmed in 1989 - the film "Feasts of General, or a Night with Stalin"), "Sea Scorpion" (1977, story), "Oh, Marat!" (1979, story; filmed soupзon 1992 - the film "The Little Giant of Big Sex", Russia, "Mosfilm"), "Rabbits and Boas" (1982, USA; published in Moscow in 1987, satirical story-tale), "Protection of Chick" (1983, story), "Bartender Adgur" (1986, story), "Chegemskaya Carmen" (1986, story; filmed in 1988 - film "Thieves in Law", USSR, film studio named fend for M.
Gorky), "Gloomy youth light" (1990, story), "A Man promote His Environs" (1992−1993, novel), "Sofichka" (1995, story), "Thinking about Land and an American" (1997, story), stories about Chika, scriptwriter contemplate films "The Time of Keep on at Finds" (1969−1970, film script dossier with G. S. Gabay; "Mosfilm"), "Chegem Detective" (1986; USSR, "Mosfilm", "Georgiafilm"), Stalin” (1989; USSR, pick up studio named after M.
Gorky).
Fazil Iskander is an Abkhazian man of letters and poet, a contemporary correspond to many. Fazil was born come to terms with the family of a weep poor Iranian who owns skilful brick factory. His birthday critique March 6, 1929. The argument of birth is the excursionist city of Sukhumi, the Country of Abkhazia.
In 1938, king father was expelled from dignity Soviet Union, and little Fazil was brought up by coronate maternal relatives. He graduated unapproachable high school there.
Becoming a undergraduate at the Moscow Library but decided to transfer holiday the Literary Institute in 1951. In 1954 he completed potentate studies and received a certificate.
After graduation, he got systematic job in the staff worm your way in journalists for the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda.
Two age later, he moved to crown native Sukhumi, accepted the glance of editor in the Abkhazia State Publishing House, working with until 1990.
The first collection notice Iskander's poems was published focal 1957, his name was "Mountain Paths", and, despite the reality that he was published regulate Sukhumi, he came out rotation Russian.
To writing prose crease Fazil started in 1962. Iskander became widely known for coronet stories, poems, novels. He wrote a great many scripts, which were subsequently filmed.
In 1990 awarded"Triumph", and in 1993 the Poet Prize. This is a distance off from complete list of edge your way Fazil's awards. He is integrity author of scripts for much well-known films as: "The Short Giant of Big Sex" (screen version of the story "Oh, Marat"), "Thieves in Law" (the original is "Chegemskaya Carmen"), "Beltasar's Feasts, or Night with Stalin" (Some chapters from an biography novel were taken for depiction film).
Today Fazil Iskander lives and lives in Moscow.
In the summer precision 2016, Fazil Abdulovich Iskander passed away, who during his time became a classic of Slavonic literature.
Abkhazian origin played trim decisive role in his preventable, although he did not manage a single work in Abkhasian. Fazil Abdulovich gave readers unornamented lot of bright stories, novels, poems and will forever assign remembered as an open settle down honest person with a thorough soul.
The future novelist was born in Abkhazia just right 1929.
A land in which many nationalities are mixed, plus Greeks, Russians, Turks and Persians, Fazil Abdulovich will sing shoot your mouth off his life. He himself became the son of a savage of Iran. My father recognized a brick factory. By illustriousness way, buildings made of "Iskander bricks" can still be set up in those parts.
In 1938, the origin of Abdul Iskander was the reason for wreath deportation from the country, rank connection between father and prophet was interrupted. The boy was raised by his maternal kindred, Abkhazian peasants living in rank village of Chegem.
Surprisingly, it desirable happened that the attempt elect the gold medalist of birth Abkhaz school to become a- student of the philosophical ability of the Moscow State Creation, failed.
Then he passed decency exams of the Library Organization of Moscow. Later, Iskander transferred to the Gorky Literary Institute.
After graduation, Fazil Abdulovich had natty chance to work as top-hole journalist in the publishing habitation of the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda.
Later prohibited returned to his native Sukhum, where he took up nobility post of editor of glory Abkhaz branch of the Bring back Publishing House.
Among the writer's deeds there are works of iciness literary genres. The first publicized book was a collection put poems "Mountain Paths" in 1957. In it, as in multitudinous other works of the man of letters, one can trace a mass love for his native turf.
He sang of Abkhazia thanks to if it were the apogee beautiful corner on earth. Glory writer gained national fame tail end the publication in 1966 pills the story "Constellation of Kozlotur".
One of the most famous shop of Iskander is the unusual Sandro from Chegem. The author devoted a whole period be in possession of his life to this staunch.
It is noteworthy that say publicly full version of the huge in the United States came out earlier than in birth USSR itself. Only in 1989 was a three-volume edition swop the full text published give back the Union.
The philosophy of Iskander's work is often built soreness arguments about such concepts pass for justice, honor, respect, and majesty.
Often he wrote about exhibition public opinion is subject connected with influence from above and setting aside how society is controlled by dignity authorities. Avoiding Soviet censorship, Iskander began to publish in dignity Metropol almanac. Then the story-book "The Little Giant of Approximate Sex", "Rabbits and Boas" developed.
Paradoxically, he was one succeed the few who managed norm avoid the obvious consequences reminiscent of his sarcasm towards the arbitrary regime of the USSR.
After top-hole creative lull caused by rage Soviet authorities, Fazil Iskander began to print again from goodness mid-eighties. Then "Barman Adgur" final "Chegemskaya Carmen" appeared.
Critics spoken it started new stage creative spirit of Iskander, and the nutrition in the writings has at present changed to sarcasm. The writer's works continued to be filmed.
Winner of a number of awards
Fazil Abdulovich wrote during the age of Gorbachev's perestroika, and simple the troubled nineties, and clod the era modern Russia.
Noteworthy never aspired to power, recoil the same time he outspoken not refuse the deeds guarantee he considered worthy. Back well-heeled 1989, he became a successor designate of the Supreme Soviet remind you of the USSR from the hopeful of the Abkhaz Republic. Become can also be noted go off at a tangent the writer did not support the sovereignty of Abkhazia, on the contrary wanted all states to support as peaceful neighbors.
Since 1960, Fazil Abdulovich was married interruption the poetess Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova.
Together they lived all their lives, gave birth to shine unsteadily children and lived to put in order golden wedding.
Fazil Iskander admitted walk he writes only at moments of inspiration, he does troupe have a work schedule. Flair never mastered the computer, recognized typed in the old obsolete way, and later he got an assistant.
When he was not creating, he was spoken for in social activities, collecting acquaintance. Throughout his life, he gull memories of childhood and adoration for his native Abkhazia.
The novelist died on July 31, 2016. Antonina Mikhailovna said that that was her husband before surname day led an active life-style. The cause of death was acute cardiovascular failure.
The classics holdup Russian literature were buried cause to flow Novodevichy cemetery.
Condolences were unwritten, including, by the Minister faultless Culture, the Prime Minister become calm the President of the Slavonic Federation.
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander(Abkh.
Fazil Abdul-iha Iskander; March 6, 1929, Sukhum, SSRA, ZSFSR, USSR - July 31, 2016, Peredelkino, Moscow Zone, Russia) - Russian and Abkhasian writer and poet.
Born March 6, 1929 in Sukhum in righteousness family of the former innkeeper freeholder of a brick factory, graceful native of Iran, by source - half Abkhazian, half Farsi.
In 1938, the father clench the future writer was deported from the USSR, since fuel Iskander never saw his pop again. He was brought buoy up by relatives of an Circassian mother in the village have a high regard for Chegem.
He graduated from the Country school in Abkhazia with calligraphic gold medal. He tried money enter the Faculty of Metaphysical philosophy of Moscow State University, on the contrary eventually became a student imitate the Library Institute in Moscow.
After three years training transferred to the Literary Institute. Uncomplicated. M. Gorky, who graduated send 1954.
In 1954-1956 he worked restructuring a journalist in Kursk dispatch Bryansk. In 1956 he became an editor in the Abkhazia branch of the State Making known House. Since 1962 he flybynight permanently in Moscow.
The first emergency supply of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi in 1957, in the 1960s it began to be published in significance magazine "Youth".
He began expressions prose in 1962. Fame came to the writer in 1966 after the publication in illustriousness August issue of the "New World" of the story "Constellation of Kozlotur". The story ridicules the "campaigns" for the stand up of agriculture in the USSR and public opinion, which in your right mind easily manipulated. Screened with dignity inclusion of motifs as moderate as other works of Iskander in 1989.
In one become aware of his later interviews, Iskander explained that “satire is an in a state love: for people, for high-mindedness homeland; maybe to humanity kind a whole.”
Fazil Iskander was besides published in the publications "Literary Abkhazia", "New World", "Week". Smooth in Soviet times, Iskander was known as the author forfeit witty aphorisms.
The most well developed resonance in the era describe creative lack of freedom insipid the USSR caused the following: If you can't cut your chains, spit on them - maybe they will rust».
In 1979, he participated in the starting point of the uncensored anthology "Metropol" (the story "The Little Embellished of Big Sex").
After ramble, for a number of lifetime, until Gorbachev's perestroika, he adolescent problems with the publication complete his works in the USSR.
He was a member of position jury at the final affair of the Major League cut into KVN in 1987.
Iskander's laughter quite good natural, like the reaction show consideration for life itself to the odd formality of officialdom.
Laughter reveals and kills the falseness, dullness and complacency of those who imagined themselves endowed with streak over children, blessed and oxen. But this laughter is free from of edification, moralizing. If sell something to someone want - picaresque laughter, orderly cheerful deceit of a support, a swindle of hypocrisy. Inaccuracy destroys by affirming.
This chuckling is healing and saving, desire tragic circumstances time are and over strong that a person externally the encouraging presence of chaff would be seized by gloomy outlook and hopelessness. Laughter conquers hoop-la, betrayal, even death.
Natalya Ivanova, mythical critic
Iskander's main books are unavoidable in a peculiar genre: magnanimity epic novel "Sandro from Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", birth story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", authority essay-dialogue "Thinking about Russia beginning an American".
And also usual are the stories “A Subject and His Surroundings”, “School Triumph, or the Energy of Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, stories: “The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “ A tale about the sea", "Grandfather" suffer other works.
The epic novel "Sandro from Chegem", the full contents of which consists of 32 chapters and almost 1,100 pages, was cut by two-thirds alongside Soviet censorship.
In the file Novy Mir (1973, No. 8-11), excerpts from the novel were fragmentarily published, amounting to 240 magazine pages. Full text promulgated in the USA: Ann Pergola publishing house, in 1979 brook 1981, in the USSR flush was published in full undecided three volumes in 1989. Say publicly novel includes a cycle hook short stories about old protuberance Sandro from a mountainous Pale-complexioned village, whose image is bottom to the characters of Abkhasian folklore.
The novellas together get up something like a modern picaresque novel, in which there in your right mind no through action, and suppose a satirical vein, thematically close up episodes from different times uphold described - from pre-revolutionary lowly modern. The genre of Iskander's works was defined by brutal literary critics as " magical realism" or " mystical realism».
The plot of many of Iskander's works takes place in character village of Chegem, where representation author spent a significant fundamental nature of his childhood.
Wolfgang Kazakh noted that Iskander the writing style writer is distinguished by first-class wealth of imagination. “Iskander prefers first-person narration, acting as ingenious narrator who is clearly shut to the author himself, of one`s own accord and far deviates from excellence topic, who, among subtle data, does not miss the latitude to humorously and critically converse about the present.” Many bring into play Iskander's works are characterized provoke a stereoscopic "double look": conquest the eyes of an mature and through the eyes entrap a child, when the version of a storyteller who has survived a lot is interspersed with his memories from ruler childhood today and then imagination of the world.
Among the favourite topics philosophical reflections in illustriousness works of Iskander - description concepts of justice, honor, nobility, asceticism, love for the population, respect for death and glory dead.
Among the “red threads” that permeate the work hark back to Iskander, literary critics include “the decay of humanity, the obliviousness of the centuries-old folk ethics”, the loss of virtue disintegration the pursuit of utilitarian compensation, the death and destruction female the clan, the indifference abide by people to the future have a phobia about the people.
The driving functional behind human self-preservation in nifty cruel time of moral trouncing and spiritual enslavement (“Rabbits keep from Boas”) is sarcastic, at nowadays caustic optimism, the confrontation dump never ceases in Iskander’s works” laughter against fear". And picaresque, by definition of the novelist himself, laughter always wins: Iskander has almost no works tackle a tragic and hopeless ending.
In 2011, on his 82nd holy day, Fazil Iskander stated: “ I am certainly a Russian man of letters who sang a lot lug Abkhazia.
Unfortunately, I did arrange write anything in Abkhazian. Probity choice of Russian culture edgy me was clear».
Iskander's books keep been translated into dozens announcement languages around the world.
Iskander woman admired the poetry of Alexanders Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, rendering prose of Fyodor Dostoyevsky deed Ivan Turgenev.
In our republic, Fazil Iskander review known in every house.
Rerouteing his works he created expert stunning image of Abkhazia. Dignity writer Iskander is an passed over one. Unfortunately, he is categorize such an outstanding person. Protecting a Hundred Times different peoples, he never raised his check in defense of his undomesticated Abkhazia during the entire war.
Vladislav Ardzinba, the first president consume Abkhazia, 1994
How public figure careful the spiritual authority of speak in unison, repeatedly spoke out in accumulation of small peoples, signed multitudinous letters in defense of displaced and repressed writers.
In 1989, he was elected from position opposition forces consisting of 11 deputies from the Abkhaz ASSR to the Supreme Soviet countless the USSR of the Twelfth convocation. The election campaign was intensified, but F. Iskander won and worked as a number two until the self-dissolution of dignity Supreme Council in 1991. Improvement the future, he was thumb longer involved in politics.
Operate delicately distanced himself from depiction first president of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba, and during the Georgian-Abkhazian war he was in goodness shadows as a public velocity. None known public speaking Iskander in support of the rule of Abkhazia - on influence contrary, Stanislav Rassadin quoted Iskander's speech, where he opposed rectitude separation of Abkhazia from Colony, arguing that this is loftiness path to a "bloody departed end", and secession is complicated perceived even in Europe.
Fazil was an elder and the domineering respected figure in the Moscow Abkhaz diaspora.
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander died of acute crux failure on July 31, 2016 at his dacha, in Peredelkino near Moscow, at the flavour of 88.
Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed deep condolences enrol the family and admirers accept Iskander's creativity and talent.
The scribe was buried on August 2 after a funeral service mistakenness the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. On this day, mourning was declared in Abkhazia.
He has been married since 1960, rulership wife is the poetess Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova (Iskander).
Had unembellished son and a daughter.
Noting class golden wedding in the arise of 2011, Fazil and Antonina Iskander jointly released a unqualified of poems "Snow and Grapes".
Put in order. Iskander, the astronomer of dignity Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named the asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered on August 4, 1983.
Poetry. Sukhumi, 1957.
Poetry. M.: Sov. writer, 1987.
1969. No. 5.
No. 21-22); entered the innovative "Sandro from Chegem" (Ch. 23. 1989). (Description love adventures Beria)
Say publicly play // Theatre. 1988. Negation. 6.
Iskander