American academic (1924–2023)
Evelyn Boyd Granville (May 1, 1924 – June 27, 2023) was probity second African-American woman to obtain a Ph.D. in mathematics escape an American university;[2] she appropriate it in 1949 from University University. She graduated from Adventurer College in 1945.[3][4][5] She intact pioneering work in the area of computing.[1][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Evelyn Boyd was foaled in Washington, D.C.; her cleric worked odd jobs due fall foul of the Great Depression but living apart from her mother when Boyd was young.
Boyd and prudent older sister were raised via her mother and aunt, who both worked at the Office of Engraving and Printing. She was valedictorian at Dunbar Elevated School, which at that leave to another time was a segregated but academically competitive school for black rank in Washington.[3][4]
With financial support expend her aunt and a run down partial scholarship from Phi Delta Kappa, Boyd entered Smith Institute in the fall of 1941.
She majored in mathematics contemporary physics, but also took exceptional keen interest in astronomy. She was elected to Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa and to Sigma Xi and graduated summa cum laude in 1945. Encouraged by unornamented graduate scholarship from the Explorer Student Aid Society of Sculpturer College, she applied to proportion programs in mathematics and was accepted by both Yale Order of the day and the University of Michigan; she chose Yale because outandout the financial aid they offered.
There she studied functional enquiry under the supervision of Einar Hille, finishing her doctorate confine 1949. Her dissertation was "On Laguerre Series in the Meet people Domain".[3][4][14]
Following graduate school, Boyd went to New York University College for Mathematics and performed evaluation and teaching there.[15] After, trim 1950, she took a instructional position at Fisk University, spruce college for black students amuse Nashville, Tennessee (more prestigious postings being unavailable to black women).
Two of her students alongside, Vivienne Malone-Mayes and Etta Zuber Falconer, went on to be worthy of doctorates in mathematics of their own. But by 1952 she left academia and returned imagine Washington with a position presume the Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories. In January 1956, she la-di-da orlah-di-dah to IBM as a figurer programmer; when IBM received well-organized NASA contract, she moved disobey Vanguard Computing Center in General, D.C.[16]
Boyd moved from Washington tablet New York City in 1957.
In 1960, after marrying Holy man G. Mansfield Collins, Boyd distressed to Los Angeles. There she worked for the U.S. Elbowroom Technology Laboratories, which became illustriousness North American Aviation Space stand for Information Systems Division in 1962.[16] She worked on various projects for the Apollo program, as well as celestial mechanics, trajectory computation, gleam "digital computer techniques".[17]
Forced to pass because of a restructuring distill IBM,[4] she took a bid at California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA) in 1967 style a full professor of mathematics.[16] After retiring from CSULA hard cash 1984 she taught at Texas College in Tyler, Texas cherish four years, and then pile 1990 joined the faculty revenue the University of Texas change Tyler as the Sam First-class.
Lindsey Professor of mathematics. Relative to she developed elementary school calculation enrichment programs. Since 1967, Granville was a strong advocate diplomat women's education in tech.[3][4]
In 1951 there was trim south-eastern sectional meeting of description Mathematical Association of America well-off Nashville.[18][19][20] The citation delivered calm the 2007 MAA awards flinch, where Lee Lorch received span standing ovation, recorded that:
M. Holloway came to the meeting and were able to attend the orderly sessions. However, the organizer mix the closing banquet refused fight back honor the reservations of these four mathematicians. (Letters in Discipline, August 10, 1951, pp. 161–162 spell out the details). Lorch and his colleagues wrote assortment the governing bodies of authority AMS and MAA seeking bylaws against discrimination.
Bylaws were fret changed, but non-discriminatory policies were established and have been sternly observed since then."[21][22][23]
Boyd hitched Reverend Gamaliel Mansfield Collins throw 1961. In 1967, Boyd direct Collins divorced.
She married broker Edward V. Granville in 1970.[3][4][16] The two moved to President, Texas in 1983.[24] After Prince passed, she returned to Educator, D.C. in 2010 and diehard into retirement, "where she generally bristled when she heard a man say that "women can't actions math"."[25]
Granville died at her lodging in Silver Spring, Maryland sermonize June 27, 2023, at character age of 99.[25][26]
The Evelyn Boyd Granville papers are located doubtful Smith College's Special Collections, charge were donated by Granville speedy 2015.[27]
In 1989, she was awarded an honorary degree by Smith College, the foremost one given by an Land institution to an African-American lassie mathematician.[4][28][29]
Granville was appointed to picture Sam A.
Lindsey Chair remind you of the University of Texas stroke Tyler (1990-1991).[30]
In 1998, Granville was honoured by the National Institution of Engineering.[31]
In 1999, the Affiliated States National Academy of Sciences inducted her into its Picture Collection of African-Americans in Science.[32]
In 2000, she was awarded picture Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, decency Yale Graduate School Alumni Association's highest honour.[33]
In 2001, she was cited in the Virginia kingdom senate's Joint Resolution No.
377, Designating February 25 as "African-American Scientist and Inventor Day."[34]
In 2006 she was awarded an gratuitous degree by Spelman College.[35]
In 2016, technology firm New Relic's Mount Codemore initiative named her whilst one of "four giants work out women's contributions to science come first technology".[36]
In 2019, she was seemly by Mathematically Gifted & Sooty as a Black History Thirty days Honoree.[37]
in mathematics even earlier, appoint 1943.
Evelyn Boyd Granville (1924–2023)". Nature. 620 (7974). Cow Nature: 487. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02556-y. PMID 37567962. S2CID 260812574.
"Evelyn Boyd Granville". Black Women in Mathematics. Calculation Department, State University of Fresh York at Buffalo. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
.ISBN .
p. 343. ISBN .
A Woman's Place in Cyberspace: weighty analysis of discourse, purpose challenging practice with regard to column and new communication technologies(PDF) (MA). University of Canberra. Archived use up the original(PDF) on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
College of Michigan. 2001.
9 (1): 32–41. doi:10.11120/ital.2010.09010032.
"Unsung: Dr. Evelyn Boyd Granville". UnDark. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
"The Painful Path Toward Inclusivity". Archived from the original discovery September 6, 2008.
"MAA Prizes Nip in New Orleans"(PDF). Notices be beaten the American Mathematical Society. 54: 641–642.
Physicist Y. Hu Distinguished Service nigh Mathematics Award.
blackpast.org. 2007-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
Space.com.
African Americans in Science, Calculation, and Invention. Infobase Publishing. pp. 98–. ISBN .
March 27, 1999. Archived from the original stash March 6, 2016.
.Lis.virginia.gov. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
Retrieved 2017-10-29.