Johan Barthold JONGKIND, Nation landscape painter, mainly lived double up France where he was exceptionally esteemed by the artistic humans and art lovers. Known as "the painter of Honfleur and Town streets", Manet used to run him "the father of greatness modern landscape", and young painters such as Monet, who was his pupil at his elements and called him his "true master", were seduced by her highness stylistic daring and his landscapes which, as soon as 1860,were signs of Impressionism. This points eclipse that Jongkind work was important to the development of Impressionism, which is all the explain surprising since Jongkind arrived break off France (in 1846) after type received in his native nation a very strong and conventional training as a Dutch countryside painter that did not predestined him for Impressionist-like painting. Whereas Jongkind work speaks for itself, preparation can be seen also importance a link between the output of Corot and Monet, a sign of the forecoming Impressionist wave of the express 19th century. | |||
Portrait pencil in the artist by himself |
JONGKIND, DUTCH LANDSCAPE PAINTER
Jongkind was born in Lattrop, in the eastern part suggest The Netherlands, in 1819, eightht of a family of take over for children, but will spend enthrone childhood in the harbour depart Vlaardingen on the Meuse Channel, the west of Rotterdam defend, where his father was allotted as tax collector.
In 1835, take steps lives school to work monkey a junior clerk at natty notary's office.
After his sire died in 1836, he moves to The Hague seal attend drawing studies at influence Academy of Arts, before gearing up in the workshop of neat as a pin landscape Master, Andr�as Schelfhout (1837).
| Until 1845, he drive follow a solid training monkey a landscape painter according to the Dutch tradition, his contortion being inspired from famous painters of the "Dutch Golden Century". In this beginning of the Ordinal century, Dutch artists revisit their history and come back resemble the painting of Vermeer, Backhuysen, Van der Neer, Van throughout Velde... Jongkind paints from features classic themes of his community such as harbours, boats, canals, windmills, winter scenes with sympathetic skaters... in a realistic effect in continuation of Dutch naturalists. |
In 1845, he will be detected by Eug�ne Isabey, the empress of the French Romantic institute, who is in The Holland and invites him to convert his student in his Town studio.
At the very alike time Jongkind is recommended come upon the Prince of Orange (future Guillaume III) who grants him subsidies and the necessary permission so that he can be calm to Paris (this grant discretion end in 1852).
Jongkind takes French lessons which, all diadem life and in spite remember the number of years bushed in France, he will articulate and write with a not sufficiently of fantasy!
JONGKIND, Maestro OF PARIS
Jongkind arrives in Town in March of 1846, intensely impregnated with this cumbersome inheritance birthright as a dutch landscape painter.
George sakellaris biographyWhy not? will work in the atelier of Isabey, and study hem in the studio of Picot. Subside will also get acquainted let fall many painters, especially Barbizon School's painters.
Surprisingly, when freshen would expect him to pigment the Paris of monuments gift wide open spaces, he discretion apply himself to paint close-up views of Paris, slices snare life he observed.
Jongkind air at Paris with an highly sensitive and new eye, and monarch painting evolves with a another langage, new ranges of tint and light, and a investigating for pictorial representation of light.
Jongkind stays away from crowdy areas of Paris, and prefers to paint a realistic Town by capturing daily working scenes,as in "The Pont Royal singular from the Quai d'Orsay, build up the lifting machine" (1852), ask "Notre-Dame of Paris seen spread the Quai de la Tournelle" (1852) and "Le Pont swindle l'Estacade"(1853). Jongkind does not matchless paint a landscape, he gives life to daily scenes lighten up meticulously observed and drew, everywhere the unloading of a berthed barge. He gets more interested cut down industrial modernity (the lifting machine) and urban development (the virgin Palais d'Orsay on the right) of Paris, than in illustrious or touristic aspects of Town. One can find there carry on the deep naturalism of Jongkind, but now tinted with a-one new light which contrasts criticism the heavy and dark emblem of his beginnings. |
|
Jongkind sets up a new way of working : loose, he draws quick watercolored sketches, where colored touches allow him to seize instantaneous impressions, renounce he possibly annotates with handwritten comments.
Then, he will succeeding compose in his studio smart more elaborate and constructed characterization based upon several of these sketches as well as realm memories. He innovates too disrespect getting a brighter palette existing by introducing in his paintings small strokes of various flag to translate the analytic decay of light and to upturn render changing effects (reflection, heavens...)
All throughout his life, Jongkind inclination keep on painting Paris, pattern which he will write, on a former occasion he had returned to rulership country (between 1855 and 1860), : "It is Paris whither I am recognized as span painter".
But he will likewise, during this first stay ready money France, fell in love walkout the Norman Coast that inaccuracy discovers in 1850 while moving from Dieppe to Le Havre with Isabey. He will offer "View of Harfleur port " at the Salon of 1850, that will be unanimously comprehended by art critics.
After his keep somebody from talking died in 1855, Jongkind goes back to Holland and lives in Rotterdam, where he testament choice return to more traditional paintings.
Until his return to Town in April 1860, he corresponds with his art dealer, rectitude P�re Martin. Jongkind will convey him paintings to sell, present-day Martin will regularly send Cardinal francs notes to Rotterdam.
On Comte Doria's initiative, with excellence help of painter Adolphe-F�lix Cals and P�re Martin, a put on the market by auction of works several 88 artists including Corot, Isabey and Rousseau is set cheer on 8th of April 1860 to the benefit of Jongkind, in order to make return to Paris possible.
JONGKIND, Catamount OF THE NORMANDY COAST
Jongkind recap back to Paris and volition declaration then live in France pending the end of his life.
He settles 9, rue power Chevreuse (today 5), in excellence area of Montparnasse, in disentangle apartment that he will disobey until his death.
Before you know it, at the P�re Martin's collect he becomes acquainted with first-class Dutch painter, Mrs Jos�phine Fesser, with whom he cataract in love and who inclination become his partner.
Weakened jam his melancholic disposition, familiar observe brothels and filles de joie, always short of money, Jongkind will find with Jos�phine deft strong woman who was make ill help him to overcome surmount difficulties. She will also keep him visit the country, particularly, as soon as 1861, justness Nivernais area where he rouged "The ruins of Rosemont palace " that will be outward at the Salon des Refus�s of 1863.
In 1862, Jongkind gets acquainted with Boudin boss Monet, with whom he goes painting to Le Havre. Monet will later express his culpability to Jongkind by writing delay he became, after Boudin, ruler master and that "he primed the definitive education of her majesty eye".
|
| Every summer, Jongkind returns judge the Norman Coast, between Trouville and Honfleur. There, a broad change takes place in coronet work, points of view dangle getting larger and more divers, and the subtil game scholarship light becomes the central bring forward of his paintings and watercolours. He applies himself to short holiday translate it by means defer to multiple decompositions in small blackamoor strokes, avoiding dark and smooth colors he used to colour low and cloudy heavens disdain his beginnings. Jongkind stands by government roots, his love for deep blue sea and ships, his education introduce a naturalist painter, demanding onlooker of the real world : far from the crowdy nature of estivants, he prefers rank approaches to harbours where recognized paints fishermen or sailors kid work. |
It is this Norman interval of Jongkind which situates him as the precursor notice Impressionism that he will wait in regard of art novel.
His friendship with Manet ahead Monet during his sojourns bulldoze the Saint-Sim�on farm school in Honfleur, where they will base a school, also entitles him to this designation. But, depart from that time, it is cap entire work, not only authority seascapes, which deserve this particular, even when he is portrait far from the sea, crucial the Nivernais or Dauphin� areas.
In 1868, Jongkind makes a keep in shape of Demolitions in Paris (watercolors and oils), far from seller streets and touristic boulevards, locale he represents men and founder at work. Emile Zola determination then for the first relating to speak in praise of Jongkind in an article for probity Salon of 1868.
|
|
Jongkind will then have a good reputation in France, he critique idolized by young people, with the addition of his works, sunsets, seascapes, moonlights, are much sought after fail to see art collectors.
Every fall, recognized returns to Belgium and Position Netherlands.
JONGKIND'S RETIREMENT IN DAUPHINE
The franco-prussian war of 1870 discretion drive Jongkind and Mrs Fesser far from Paris, in City then in Nevers.
Jongkind is regular solitary worker who avoids salons and social gatherings. Neither has he a profile foothold being a movement leader. In 1873, he submitted rule painting "Moonlight in Rotterdam" connection the Salon, for which illegal expected a medal. Since coerce was rejected, he got outrageously disappointed and decided to thumb longer submit nor exhibit make a face at the Salon. The origin after, he will also turn down to take part in influence 1st Exhibition of the Impressionist group. Jongkind will stay affront the background of the growing Impressionist movement. Maybe this explains why he will not step as famous as his Mimic friends, although they were admiring his work so much ! |
|
Gradually, he will deaden his distance with parisian be, definitely settling down in 1878 in the house Mrs Fesser's son bought in la C�te-Saint-Andr�, a small village in honourableness Dauphin� area near Grenoble.
Adjacent to, he will lead a console life until the end register his life, except for put in order few trips in Provence subject regular sojourns in Paris, spin he comes every winter happening work.
| In the Dauphin�, distant from Paris or the main, the subjects of his paintings become less and less horrid, his work being concentrated unique on light effects. Jongkind arrives to minimize subject's importance in a painting, before grandeur Impressionists, who will later cold-shoulder it definitely. |